http://hdl.handle.net/1887/20822 Mon, 10 Jul 2017 08:05:32 GMT 2017-07-10T08:05:32Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23437 Iranian Orientalism : notions of the other in modern Iranian thought Alsulami, Mohammed S.H. The study addresses and explains the issue of negative descriptions of the Arab Other in modern Iranian thought. It attempts to understand and illustrate what the notion of the Arab means for Iranians and how Arabs are portrayed and by examining how they depicted, It describes why they depicted in modern time in such a way, linking this portrayal to a range of ideologies in modern Iran. In doing this research, the researcher has limited his analysis to a certain body of fiction and non-fiction texts. he has selected writings produced by prominent Iranian authors of a variety of ideological affiliations, including literary works such as short stories, novels, historical stories and works published in academic or semi-academic journals, as well as some works in the field of historiography, all of which were written in Persian by Iranian writers between the 1850s and the 1950s. In a broader sense, the study offers an analytical model for the understanding of the Iranian notions of Self and Other in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. It investigates the ethnic and racial attitudes of a number of Iranian writers and thinkers toward Arabs, contributing to an understanding of the way in which the Iranian identity has been shaped in modern times. Promotor: P.M. Sijpesteijn, Co-Promotor: A.A. Seyed-Gohrab; With Summary in Dutch Tue, 04 Feb 2014 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23437 2014-02-04T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23180 Monsterlijke verhalen : misdaadsagen in het nieuws en op webforums als retorische constructies Burger, Peter News media and web-based discussion forums frequently feature crime stories so monstrous that they defy belief and are classified as crime legends. The present study focuses on the rhetorical means employed by journalists and forum users to convince their audience of the veracity and value – or the lack thereof – of these recur¬rent stories about horrendous crimes. Two cases were studied: stories featuring the motif Drugged and Abused (1885-2008) and the tale type of the Smiley Gang (2003). It is argued that approaching crime legends as rhetorical constructions instead of essentially untrue stories opens new windows for the analysis of both news and vernacular discourse and as a point of departure for critiquing journalistic practices Promotores: T.van Haaften en K.L.K. Brants; With summary in Dutch; With summary in English Mon, 27 Jan 2014 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23180 2014-01-27T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23021 Politics between philosophy and polemics : political thinking and thoughtful politics in the writing of Karl Popper, Leo Strauss, and Hannah Arendt Cornelissen, Wilhelm Wouter Herman (Wout) Political philosophy is not only a form of theory, but also a practice. If we wish to learn something about politics, therefore, we should focus not only on its propositional content, but also on its performative meaning. This dissertation offers a reconstruction of the propositional contents of the writings of Karl Popper, Leo Strauss, and Hannah Arendt while bringing these into discussion with their performative meanings, such as polemical forms of reasoning, analogical and metaphorical uses of language, and hidden assumptions that become manifest as soon as people start acting upon them. First, it is demonstrated that Popper prescribes a conception of politics that is modeled after science, while he performs a polemical conception of politics. Next, it is shown that Strauss is aware of the performative condition of philosophy, whereas his way of framing it in terms of the mutually hostile opposition between phi losophy and politics and his remedy of the art of writing amount to an unrealistic escape from it. Finally, it is argued that Arendt not only shows to be aware of the contingent character of human action, but also develops forms of political thinking that do justice to it. Promotores: P. Kleingeld, H.H.A. van den Brink; With Summary in Dutch Tue, 14 Jan 2014 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23021 2014-01-14T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23020 Melati van Java : dochter van Indië Loo, Vilan van de There was a time when Melati van Java (1853 – 1927) was a well-known and much-liked name in the Netherlands. Especially around the turn of the century the general public was familiar with her novels, which remained in circulation in various editions for at least a quarter of a century; people read her contributions to newspapers and magazines or knew that she was active in the Roman Catholic women’s movement. Literary critics reacted with mixed feelings to her novels, from favourable to sympathetic, to disapproving and cynical, but her novels practically always got attention. In short, Melati van Java (pseudonym of Marie Sloot) was an important factor in the cultural society of the day in the Netherlands. The status she enjoyed at the time contrasts sharply with the regard she has today. Promotor: O.J. Praamstra, Co-Promotor: P.A.W. van Zonneveld; With Summary in English Mon, 13 Jan 2014 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/23020 2014-01-13T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22974 "Brought under the law of the land" : the history, demography and geography of crossculturalism in early modern Izmir, and the Köprülü Project of 1678 Olnon, Merlijn The port-city of Izmir (old Smyrna) plays a crucial role in modern world history. From the 1570s, that city became subjected to European mercantile interests and quickly developed into the main conductor of an irreversible European takeover of the Ottoman economy – the structural basis of a centuries-long decline of the once-mighty Ottoman Empire. Or, so the historical consensus dictates. The problem is that this consensus has been constructed over a conspicuous shortage of sources by an overreliance on grand theories paired with a fundamental misunderstanding of the Ottoman (political, legal, economic and social) system and its solutions to the challenges of the times. This study wants to uncover and question the teleological (mostly Eurocentric, oftentimes triumphalist) historiography of city, empire and world systems that have resulted. In its stead, it lays the foundations of a historiography that restores 17th-century Izmir (and perhaps early-modern Ottoman civilization) to the role of an active and autonomous participant-alternative to Europe’s expanding world system. Promotor: E.-J. Zürcher, Co-promotor: A.H. de Groot; With summary in Dutch Tue, 07 Jan 2014 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22974 2014-01-07T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22954 Thirty Sixth Series of the Next Kind of Series Kok, Wjm The subject of the research is ‘difference and repetition,’ an area which bears a direct relationship to Wjm Kok’s practice, in which the production of work always emerges and passes through series. It is also the title of a book by Gilles Deleuze that has been used as source and reference to explicate the research. Taking this book Difference and Repetition as a departure point, an ongoing series of writings was produced that sought to expose the different angles of the subject. The majority of these texts were published in diverse platforms, constituting an exchange with related subjects and his practice as a foundation for exploring other territories. A selected collection of these texts constitutes the dissertation. The presentation of this research will take place during the defense in the Grand Auditorium of Leiden University. Promotor: F. de Ruiter, Co-Promotores: L. Cotter, S. van Keulen, J. Robaard; With Summary in Dutch Tue, 17 Dec 2013 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22954 2013-12-17T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22952 Etude sur quelques sémantiques dialogiques : concepts fondamentaux et éléments de metathéorie Clerbout, Nicolas The dialogical paradigm provides a theory of meaning alternative to the model-theoretical and proof-theoretical ones which are more widespread. From the dialogical point of view, meaning is given by use within argumentative debates which are designed as two-player games. In this work we present the fundamental notions of the paradigm through the study of various dialogical semantics. We also make some incursions in the metatheory of dialogical games, with among other things a stress on the connection between dialogues and tableaux. Three specificities of our account are: the homogeneous way to ensure finiteness of dialogues with the device of repetition ranks, an explicit formulation of game rules with emphasis on speech acts, and the significant role given to the perspective of extended forms (tree representations) in our analysis. As for results, we propose a new demonstration of soundness and completeness of the tableau method with respect to dialogical games. We also give the first analysis of the dialogical manifestation of the decidability (or not) of a logic as intimately related to the handling with repetition ranks of repetitive behaviours in games. Promotores: B.G. Sundholm, S. Rahman; With Abstract in English; With Abstract in Dutch Wed, 18 Dec 2013 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22952 2013-12-18T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22940 Heiligen en Heren : studies over het parochiewezen in het Noorden van Nederland vóór 1600 Roemeling, Otto Derk Jan De afbeeldingen op het omslag: een heilige, een kerk en een priester, staan symbool voor de drie centrale thema’s van deze studie. De heilige verwijst naar de virtuele eigenaar van de kerk. De kerkafbeelding staat voor het onderzoek naar de relatie tussen parochiekerken en kloosters. Het derde thema is dat van de priester in Friesland en zijn (formele) positie. In vijf hoofdstukken komt in Heiligen en Heren aan de orde hoe de wijdingsprocedure in Utrecht in de praktijk liep, hoe de zogenoemde institutie of opdracht tot zielzorg door de aartsdiaken of een ander werd verleend, hoe de landsheer zich met het recht op benoeming of presentatie bemoeide, en in welke mate de centrale overheid het gedrag van priesters echt controleerde. Verder is onderzocht uit welke geledingen van de maatschappij de priesters afkomstig waren en hoeveel van hen een academische opleiding hadden gevolgd. Met dit alles levert dit boek basismateriaal aan voor het bepalen van het sterk lokale karakter van de middeleeuwse kerk in het Noorden van Nederland. Promotor: J.A. Mol; With Summary in English Tue, 17 Dec 2013 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22940 2013-12-17T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22881 The development of the Proto-Indo-European syllabic liquids in Greek Beek, Lucien Christiaan van Ancient Greek was spoken in a large number of dialectal varieties, and is attested in both literary and epigraphic sources. Although none of these sources offers direct evidence for syllabic liquids, it is known that these sounds must have been present in Proto-Greek, the common pre-stage of these dialects, and already in Proto-Indo-European. This dissertation offers a reconstruction of the development of the syllabic liquids in all alphabetic Greek dialects (from ca. 800 BCE) and in Mycenaean (ca. 1400-1200 BCE). The emphasis is on two questions: what exactly was the regular outcome of syllabic r and syllabic l (in which way did they vocalize)? And when in the prehistory of Greek sound changes did this vocalization take place? Promotor: A.M. Lubotsky; With summary in Dutch Mon, 16 Dec 2013 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22881 2013-12-16T23:00:00Z http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22868 Between air and electricity : microphones and loudspeakers as musical instruments. Eck, Cathy van My research takes the artistic use of the devices that bring sound waves into electricity and back as its central focus point; they are commonly called microphones and loudspeakers. These devices have become essential for many forms of music making. Through the same pair of loudspeakers, people listen to diverse music and sound, such as violin sonatas, rock songs or simply the latest news. Accordingly, microphones and loudspeakers are often designed to remain transparent; that is, "inaudible" in the final sound result. From the 1950s on, microphones and loudspeakers started to play a crucial role not only in the mere reproduction of sound, but also in the creation of music. Composers and musicians often described these new possibilities of using microphones and loudspeakers as musical instruments. This resulted not only in many pieces and performances that used microphones and loudspeakers in unusual ways but also in many new possibilities for musical composition. Confronted with microphones and loudspeakers through my own practice as a composer using electro-acoustic media, I investigated how microphones and loudspeakers could become musical instruments. This resulted in 28 compositions and a text about historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of the subject. To obtain a clear picture of the possibilities of microphones and loudspeakers in music, I develop four approaches in my dissertation. Three of them focus on the transparent use (reproducing, supporting and generating). The fourth approach focuses on the use of microphone and loudspeakers in an opaque way; that is, as musical instruments. I call this the interacting approach, since the music should, in contrast to the other approaches, not be transmitted through microphones and loudspeakers, but formed, coloured, and changed by these devices. The fourth approach was the starting point for 28 compositions, in which I investigate in what ways one could interact or "play" microphones and loudspeakers. This resulted in a categorisation of three interaction parameters: movement, material and space. I looked at how these interaction parameters might be recognised in the work of other musicians and composers, as well as how the interaction with microphones and loudspeakers influenced compositional form, the performance situation, and the relationship between musician and musical instrument. This resulted in a theory and praxis in which I elaborate upon unique features of music, composed with microphones and loudspeakers Promotores: Frans de Ruiter, Richard Barrett, Co-promotor: Marcel Cobussen; With summary in Dutch Mon, 16 Dec 2013 23:00:00 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1887/22868 2013-12-16T23:00:00Z